Android App中DrawerLayout抽屉效果的菜单编写实例

5年以前  |  阅读数:766 次  |  编程语言:PHP 

抽屉效果的导航菜单
看了很多应用,觉得这种侧滑的抽屉效果的菜单很好。

2016321171423565.png \(206×345\)

不用切换到另一个页面,也不用去按菜单的硬件按钮,直接在界面上一个按钮点击,菜单就滑出来,而且感觉能放很多东西。
库的引用:
首先, DrawerLayout这个类是在Support Library里的,需要加上android-support-v4.jar这个包。

然后程序中用时在前面导入import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;

如果找不到这个类,首先用SDK Manager更新一下Android Support Library,然后在Android SDK\extras\android\support\v4路径下找到android-support-v4.jar,复制到项目的libs路径,将其Add to Build Path.

代码1
布局:


    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent" >

      <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
        xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" >

        <!-- The main content view -->
        <!-- main content must be the first element of DrawerLayout because it will be drawn first and drawer must be on top of it -->

        <FrameLayout
          android:id="@+id/content_frame"
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="match_parent" />

        <!-- The navigation drawer -->

        <ListView
          android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
          android:layout_width="240dp"
          android:layout_height="match_parent"
          android:layout_gravity="left"
          android:background="#111"
          android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
          android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
          android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
      </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

    </RelativeLayout> 

  DrawerLayout的第一个子元素是主要内容,即抽屉没有打开时显示的布局。这里采用了一个FrameLayout,里面什么也没放。

  DrawerLayout的第二个子元素是抽屉中的内容,即抽屉布局,这里采用了一个ListView。

主要的Activity(从官方实例中扒出来的):


    package com.example.hellodrawer;

    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.content.res.Configuration;
    import android.view.MenuItem;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.widget.AdapterView;
    import android.widget.AdapterView.OnItemClickListener;
    import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
    import android.widget.ListView;
    import android.support.v4.app.ActionBarDrawerToggle;
    import android.support.v4.view.GravityCompat;
    import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;

    public class HelloDrawerActivity extends Activity
    {

      private String[] mPlanetTitles;
      private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
      private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
      private ListView mDrawerList;

      @Override
      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
      {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_hello_drawer);

        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);

        // init the ListView and Adapter, nothing new
        initListView();

        // set a custom shadow that overlays the main content when the drawer
        // opens
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerShadow(R.drawable.drawer_shadow,
            GravityCompat.START);

        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout,
            R.drawable.ic_drawer, R.string.drawer_open,
            R.string.drawer_close)
        {

          /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely closed state. */
          public void onDrawerClosed(View view)
          {

            invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
                          // onPrepareOptionsMenu()
          }

          /** Called when a drawer has settled in a completely open state. */
          public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView)
          {

            invalidateOptionsMenu(); // creates call to
                          // onPrepareOptionsMenu()
          }
        };

        // Set the drawer toggle as the DrawerListener
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);

        // enable ActionBar app icon to behave as action to toggle nav drawer
        getActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        // getActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true);
        // Note: getActionBar() Added in API level 11
      }

      private void initListView()
      {
        mDrawerList = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.left_drawer);

        mPlanetTitles = getResources().getStringArray(R.array.planets_array);

        // Set the adapter for the list view
        mDrawerList.setAdapter(new ArrayAdapter<String>(this,
            R.layout.list_item, mPlanetTitles));
        // Set the list's click listener
        mDrawerList.setOnItemClickListener(new OnItemClickListener()
        {

          @Override
          public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> parent, View view,
              int position, long id)
          {
            // Highlight the selected item, update the title, and close the
            // drawer
            mDrawerList.setItemChecked(position, true);
            setTitle(mPlanetTitles[position]);
            mDrawerLayout.closeDrawer(mDrawerList);
          }
        });
      }

      @Override
      protected void onPostCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
      {
        super.onPostCreate(savedInstanceState);
        // Sync the toggle state after onRestoreInstanceState has occurred.
        mDrawerToggle.syncState();
      }

      @Override
      public void onConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig)
      {
        super.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
        mDrawerToggle.onConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
      }

      @Override
      public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item)
      {
        // Pass the event to ActionBarDrawerToggle, if it returns
        // true, then it has handled the app icon touch event
        if (mDrawerToggle.onOptionsItemSelected(item))
        {
          return true;
        }
        // Handle your other action bar items...

        return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
      }

    }

比较纠结的是用了Level 11的一个API,这样minSdkVersion就有限制,不能太低。

图片资源Android官网示例处提供下载了。

程序运行后效果如下:
抽屉打开前:

2016321171457025.jpg \(720×1280\)

抽屉打开后:

2016321171528332.jpg \(720×1280\)

代码2
今天又看了一下DrawerLayout的类,发现有很多方法可以直接用的。

重新试了一下,其实不用上面那么麻烦,随便自己定义一个按钮控制抽屉的打开就行:

布局:


    <RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
      android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
      android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
      android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
      tools:context=".DrawerActivity" >

      <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout
        android:id="@+id/drawer_layout"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" >

        <!-- The main content view -->

        <FrameLayout
          android:id="@+id/content_frame"
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="match_parent" >

          <Button
            android:id="@+id/btn"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:text="open" 
            />
        </FrameLayout>

        <!-- The navigation drawer -->

        <ListView
          android:id="@+id/left_drawer"
          android:layout_width="240dp"
          android:layout_height="match_parent"
          android:layout_gravity="start"
          android:background="#111"
          android:choiceMode="singleChoice"
          android:divider="@android:color/transparent"
          android:dividerHeight="0dp" />
      </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

    </RelativeLayout>

主要代码:


    package com.example.hellodrawer;

    import android.os.Bundle;
    import android.app.Activity;
    import android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout;
    import android.view.Gravity;
    import android.view.View;
    import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
    import android.widget.Button;

    public class DrawerActivity extends Activity
    {
      private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout = null;

      @Override
      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
      {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_drawer);

        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.drawer_layout);

        Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btn);
        button.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener()
        {

          @Override
          public void onClick(View v)
          {
            // 按钮按下,将抽屉打开
            mDrawerLayout.openDrawer(Gravity.LEFT);

          }
        });
      }

    }

使用Toolbar + DrawerLayout快速实现高大上菜单侧滑
如果你有在关注一些遵循最新的Material Design设计规范的应用的话(如果没有,假设你有!),也许会发现有很多使用了看起来很舒服、很高大上的侧滑菜单动画效果,示例如下(via 参考2):

2016321171553612.gif \(386×694\)

今天就来使用官方支持库来快速实现这类效果,需要使用到Toolbar和DrawerLayout,详细步骤如下:(如果你还不知道这两个Widget,先自己Google吧~)
首先需要添加appcompat-v7支持:

如果是在Android Studio 1.0 RC4上创建的项目,默认已经添加了appcompat-v7支持了,如果不是最新版AS则需要在build.gradle中添加如下代码:


    dependencies {
      ...//其他代码
      compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:21.0.2'
    }

添加完成后需要同步一下gradle

添加Toolbar:

由于Toolbar是继承自View,所以可以像其他标准控件一样直接主布局文件添加Toolbar,但是为了提高Toolbar的重用效率,可以在layout创建一个custom_toolbar.xml代码如下:


    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
      <android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
        android:id="@+id/tl_custom"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:background="?attr/colorPrimary"
        android:minHeight="?attr/actionBarSize"
        android:popupTheme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.Light"
        app:theme="@style/ThemeOverlay.AppCompat.ActionBar">
    </android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar>

说明:

android.support.v7.widget.Toolbar - 当然如果只在Lollipop中可以直接使用Toolbar而不需要加上v7支持
xmlns:app - 自定义xml命名控件,在AS中可以直接指定res-auto而不需要使用完整包名
android:background 和 android:minHeight 均可以在styles.xml中声明
添加DrawerLayout:

和Toolbar类似,为了提高代码重用效率,可以在layout中创建一个custom_drawerlayout.xml代码如下:


    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
      <android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
        android:id="@+id/dl_left"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
      <!--主布局-->
      <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">
        <ImageView
          android:id="@+id/iv_main"
          android:layout_width="100dp"
          android:layout_height="100dp" />
      </LinearLayout>
      <!--侧滑菜单-->
      <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:background="#fff"
        android:layout_gravity="start">
        <ListView
          android:id="@+id/lv_left_menu"
          android:layout_width="match_parent"
          android:layout_height="match_parent"
          android:divider="@null"
          android:text="DrawerLayout" />
      </LinearLayout>
    </android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout>

Drawerlayout标签中有两个子节点,一个是左边菜单,一个是主布局,另外需要在左边菜单起始位置设置为android:layout_gravity="start"

实现activity_main.xml:


    <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="match_parent"
      android:orientation="vertical"
      tools:context=".MainActivity">
        <!--Toolbar-->
        <include layout="@layout/custom_toolbar" />
        <!--DrawerLayout-->
        <include layout="@layout/custom_drawerlayout" />
    </LinearLayout>

直接使用include标签,简洁明了

完善Java代码:


    public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity {
      //声明相关变量
      private Toolbar toolbar;
      private DrawerLayout mDrawerLayout;
      private ActionBarDrawerToggle mDrawerToggle;
      private ListView lvLeftMenu;
      private String[] lvs = {"List Item 01", "List Item 02", "List Item 03", "List Item 04"};
      private ArrayAdapter arrayAdapter;
      private ImageView ivRunningMan;
      private AnimationDrawable mAnimationDrawable;
      @Override
      protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        findViews(); //获取控件
        //京东RunningMan动画效果,和本次Toolbar无关
        mAnimationDrawable = (AnimationDrawable) ivRunningMan.getBackground();
        mAnimationDrawable.start();
        toolbar.setTitle("Toolbar");//设置Toolbar标题
        toolbar.setTitleTextColor(Color.parseColor("#ffffff")); //设置标题颜色
        setSupportActionBar(toolbar);
        getSupportActionBar().setHomeButtonEnabled(true); //设置返回键可用
        getSupportActionBar().setDisplayHomeAsUpEnabled(true);
        //创建返回键,并实现打开关/闭监听
        mDrawerToggle = new ActionBarDrawerToggle(this, mDrawerLayout, toolbar, R.string.open, R.string.close) {
          @Override
          public void onDrawerOpened(View drawerView) {
            super.onDrawerOpened(drawerView);
            mAnimationDrawable.stop();
          }
          @Override
          public void onDrawerClosed(View drawerView) {
            super.onDrawerClosed(drawerView);
            mAnimationDrawable.start();
          }
        };
        mDrawerToggle.syncState();
        mDrawerLayout.setDrawerListener(mDrawerToggle);
        //设置菜单列表
        arrayAdapter = new ArrayAdapter(this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1, lvs);
        lvLeftMenu.setAdapter(arrayAdapter);
      }
      private void findViews() {
        ivRunningMan = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.iv_main);
        toolbar = (Toolbar) findViewById(R.id.tl_custom);
        mDrawerLayout = (DrawerLayout) findViewById(R.id.dl_left);
        lvLeftMenu = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv_left_menu);
      }
    }

当然比较重要还有styles.xml和colors.xml,具体如下:


    <resources>
      <style name="AppTheme" parent="Theme.AppCompat.Light.NoActionBar">
        <!--状态栏颜色-->
        <item name="colorPrimaryDark">@color/Indigo_colorPrimaryDark</item>
        <!--Toolbar颜色-->
        <item name="colorPrimary">@color/Indigo_colorPrimary</item>
        <!--返回键样式-->
        <item name="drawerArrowStyle">@style/AppTheme.DrawerArrowToggle</item>
        </style>
        <style name="AppTheme.DrawerArrowToggle" parent="Base.Widget.AppCompat.DrawerArrowToggle">
        <item name="color">@android:color/white</item>
      </style>
    </resources>
    <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
    <resources>
      <color name="Indigo_colorPrimaryDark">#303f9f</color>
      <color name="Indigo_colorPrimary">#3f51b5</color>
      <color name="Indigo_nav_color">#4675FF</color>
    </resources>

到此就实现了高大上菜单侧滑,最终效果如下(注:在Yosemite上貌似直接Record手机屏幕貌似不起作用,而且动画由于帧率原因无法实时,就先这样看吧~)

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